Israel-Palestine: Tony Blair speaks of a "heartbreaking situation"
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Despite international attempts to negotiate a ceasefire, conflict in the region is escalating with rising civilian casualties and concerns of a widespread humanitarian crisis. A senior Hamas official said he expected Israeli and Gaza militants to reach a ceasefire "within a day or two" while border attacks continued. butIsraeliPrime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said on Wednesday that he was "determined to move on" until "calm and security are restored to Israeli citizens."
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A chronology of the conflict.
1920
Britain takes control of the region known as Palestine after the defeat of the Ottoman Empire in World War I.
Currently the country is inhabited by an Arab majority, with a Jewish minority, but without conflict.
1920 bis 1940
Britain begins to build a "national homeland" for the region's Jews as more Jews flee persecution in Europe.
This leads to heightened tensions between the groups: the area is considered the ancestral seat of both Jews and Arabs, with both groups claiming rights to the land.
As more and more Jews fled to the region after World War II, inter-group violence and violence against British rule increased.
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Israel-Palestine conflict: A Palestinian protester and an Israeli soldier in 2019(Bild: Getty)
Israel-Palestine Conflict: A Map of the Region(Image: Express)
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1947
The UN votes for Palestine to be partitioned into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem becoming an international city.
The measure is accepted by the Jewish leaders but rejected by the Arab side and never implemented.
1948
Unable to solve the problem, the British rulers leave the region.
The State of Israel is founded by Jewish leaders.
The Palestinians oppose the creation of Israel and a war ensues, with neighboring Arab countries forming a coalition with the Palestinian factions.
Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians are fleeing or driven from their homes in what they call Al Nakba, or the "catastrophe."
1949
The fighting ends in a ceasefire and Israel controls most of the territory.
Jordan occupied what became known as the West Bank and Egypt occupied Gaza.
Jerusalem is divided between Israeli forces to the west and Jordanian forces to the east.
Without a peace agreement, tensions will continue to boil over.
Israel-Palestine conflict: The Palestinians surrender to the Israeli soldiers in June 1967(Bild: Getty)
Israel-Palestine conflict: US President Bill Clinton (centre) stands between PLO leader Yasser Arafat (right) and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzahk Rabin (left) as they shake hands for the first time in September 1993(Bild: Getty)
1967
The "Six Day War" begins with Israeli warplanes attacking Egyptian airfields and Israeli ground forces entering the Sinai Peninsula.
Jordan joins the fight alongside Egypt, but Israeli forces have the upper hand and take control of the Gaza Strip, Sinai, the West Bank, the Golan Heights and predominantly Arab East Jerusalem.
Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians are on the run or are being expelled.
None of the displaced Palestinians or their descendants were allowed to return home, as Israel said doing so would overwhelm the country and threaten its existence as a Jewish state.
1973
A coalition of Arab nations led by Egypt and Syria launches a surprise attack on Israel.
Arab forces initially gain ground but are repulsed by an Israeli counter-offensive supported by supplies from allies, including the United States.
1978
On September 17, a peace agreement known as the Camp David Accords will be negotiated between Egyptian President Anwar Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin.EUPresident Jimmy Carter.
Possible Palestinian peace proposals are discussed but never implemented.
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1987
A Palestinian uprising, or intifada, erupts, sparking clashes and protests in the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Israel.
The riots have been going on for years, killing many people on both sides.
1993
The first of the two pacts, known as the Oslo Accords, is signed between Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), establishing a peace process.
However, they left unresolved key issues such as Israeli settlements in the West Bank and the status of Jerusalem, which Palestinians see as the capital of a future state, meaning peace has yet to be achieved.
2000
Another Palestinian intifada begins after a visit by right-wing Israeli politician Ariel Sharon to a compound in Jerusalem revered in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Clashes and violence continued into 2005, leaving hundreds dead on both sides.
2006
Palestinian militant group Hamas wins Gaza's elections, raising political tensions with the more moderate Fatah party, which controls the West Bank.
Israel-Palestine conflict: On May 10, 2021, rockets will be fired at Israel from Gaza City, controlled by the Palestinian Islamist movement Hamas(Bild: Getty)
Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Fire erupts in Khan Yunish early on May 12, 2021 at dawn following an Israeli airstrike on targets in the southern Gaza Strip(Bild: Getty)
2008
Israel begins three-week attacks on Gaza after Palestinian militants fed through tunnels from Egypt fired rockets at Israel.
More than 1,110 Palestinians and at least 13 Israelis are killed.
2012
Israel kills Hamas military chief Ahmed Jabari, triggering rocket fire from Gaza and Israeli airstrikes for more than a week.
At least 150 Palestinians and six Israelis are killed.
2014
Hamas militants kill three kidnapped Israeli teenagers near a West Bank Jewish settlement, prompting a response from the Israeli military.
A seven-week conflict has left more than 2,200 Palestinians dead in the Gaza Strip.
67 soldiers and six civilians die in Israel.
2017
The Trump administration recognizes Jerusalem as Israel's capital and announces plans to move the US embassy from Tel Aviv, sparking outrage among Palestinians.
caring
Israeli-Palestinian conflict: Israeli soldiers fire a 155mm self-propelled howitzer into the Gaza Strip from their position near the southern Israeli city of Sderot on May 13, 2021(Bild: Getty)
2018
Protests are taking place in Gaza along the fence to Israel, including protesters throwing stones and Molotov cocktails through the barrier.
Israeli troops kill more than 170 protesters over a period of several months.
2021
Tensions rise in Jerusalem during Ramadan, and Palestinians say Israeli police have imposed unnecessarily harsh restrictions on them during the month of fasting.
Israeli surveillance of Palestinians leads to the use of CS gas and flashbangs at Al-Aqsa Mosque, a holy site for Muslims and Jews.
Palestinians face eviction from their homes in Sheikh Jarrah, a Palestinian neighborhood outside the walls of the Old City where Jewish settler groups are claiming land and property in Israeli courts.
Hamas gives Israel an ultimatum to withdraw its forces from Al-Aqsa compound and Sheikh Jarrah and fires rockets at Jerusalem, meeting Israeli resistance and fighting erupting.
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